<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ackerman, Mark S</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mcdonald, David W</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Collaborative support for informal information in collective memory systems</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Information Systems Frontiers</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CMC</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">collaborative help</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">community memory</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">computer-mediated communications</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">corporate memory</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cscw</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">expertise sharing</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">group memory</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">help</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">incremental formalization</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">informal information</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">information access</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">information refining</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">information retrieval</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">information systems</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">knowledge shairng</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">organizational memory</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">system</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2000</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Complete</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">333–347</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Informal information, such as the expertise of an organization or the workarounds practiced by a community, is a critical part of organizational or collective memory systems. From a user-centered perspective, a user merely wishes to get his work done, and to do this, he must solve his immediate problems. We have examined how to incorporate this problem solving into a collective memory, as well as how to incorporate the learning that accrues to it or from it. We report here on two systems, the Cafe ConstructionKit and the Collaborative Refinery, as well as an application, Answer Garden 2, built using these two systems. The Cafe ConstructionKit provides toolkit mechanisms for incorporating communication flows among people (as well as agents) into an organizational memory framework, and the Collaborative Refinery system provides mechanisms for distilling and refining the informal information obtained through these communication flows. The Answer Garden 2 application demonstrates the utility of these two underlying systems.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>47</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mark S. Ackerman</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">McDonald, David W.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Answer Garden 2: Merging Organizational Memory with Collaborative Help</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Proceedings of the 1996 ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW&#039;96)</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CMC</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">collaborative help</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">community memory</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">computer-mediated communications</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">corporate memory</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">expertise sharing</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">group memory</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">help</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">information access</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">information refining</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">information retrieval</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">information systems</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">knowledge sharing</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">organizational memory</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1996</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11/1996</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Complete</style></url></web-urls></urls><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">97–105</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;This research examines a collaborative solution to a common problem, that of providing help to distributed users. The Answer Garden 2 system provides a secondgeneration architecture for organizational and community memory applications. After describing the need for Answer Garden 2’s functionality, we describe the architecture of the system and two underlying systems, the Cafe ConstructionKit and Collaborative Refinery. We also present detailed descriptions of the collaborative help and collaborative refining facilities in the Answer Garden 2 system&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>47</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mark S. Ackerman</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Starr, Brian</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Social Activity Indicators: Interface Components for CSCW Systems</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Proceedings of the 8th Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface and Software Technology (UIST&#039;95)</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">awareness</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">human-computer interfaces</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">information systems</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">social activity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">social UX</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">user interfaces</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">visualization</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1995</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Complete</style></url></web-urls></urls><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">159–168</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Knowing what social activity is occurring within and through a Computer-Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW) system is often very useful. This is especially true for computer-mediated communication systems such as chat and other synchronous applications. People will attend to these systems more closely when they know that there is interesting activity on them. Interface mechanisms for indicating social activity, however, are often ad-hoc, if present at all. This paper argues for the importance of displaying social activity as well as proposes a generalized mechanism for doing so. This social activity indication mechanism is built upon a new CSCW toolkit, the Cafe ConstructionKit, and the Cafe ConstructionKit provides a number of important facilities for making construction of these indicators easy and straight-forward. Accordingly, this paper presents both the Cafe ConstructionKit as a CSCW toolkit as well as a mechanism for creating activity indicators.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>47</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mark S. Ackerman</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Augmenting the Organizational Memory: A Field Study of Answer Garden</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Proceedings of the 1994 ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW&#039;94)</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">collaborative help</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">collective help</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">corporate memory</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">expertise sharing</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">group memory</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">information access</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">information retrieval</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">information systems</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">knowledge sharing</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">organizational memory</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1994</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11/1994</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Complete</style></url></web-urls></urls><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">243–252</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;A growing concern for organizations and groups has been to augment their knowledge and expertise. One such augmentation is to provide an organizational memory, some record of the organization&#039;s knowledge. However, relatively little is known about how computer systems might enhance organizational, group, or community memory. This paper presents findings from a field study of one such organizational memory system, the Answer Garden. The paper discusses the usage data and qualitative evaluations from the field study, and then draws a set of lessons for next-generation organizational memory systems.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract></record></records></xml>