<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Michael S. Bernstein</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Little, Greg</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Miller, Robert C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hartmann, Björn</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mark S. Ackerman</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">David R. Karger</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Crowell, David</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Panovich, Katrina</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soylent: A Word Processor with a Crowd Inside</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Commun. ACM</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">crowdsourcing</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Complete-OnlyDOI</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">58</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">85–94</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;This paper introduces architectural and interaction patterns for integrating crowdsourced human contributions directly into user interfaces. We focus on writing and editing, complex endeavors that span many levels of conceptual and pragmatic activity. Authoring tools offer help with pragmatics, but for higher-level help, writers commonly turn to other people. We thus present Soylent, a word processing interface that enables writers to call on Mechanical Turk workers to shorten, proofread, and otherwise edit parts of their documents on demand. To improve worker quality, we introduce the Find-Fix-Verify crowd programming pattern, which splits tasks into a series of generation and review stages. Evaluation studies demonstrate the feasibility of crowdsourced editing and investigate questions of reliability, cost, wait time, and work time for edits.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>47</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sacha Zyto</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">David R. Karger</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mark S. Ackerman</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mahajan, Sanjoy</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Successful Classroom Deployment of a Social Document Annotation System</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI’12), May, 2012</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">annotation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">collaboration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">e-learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">forum</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">hypertext</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">05/2012</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Complete-OnlyDOI</style></url></web-urls></urls><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;NB is an in-place collaborative document annotation website targeting students reading lecture notes and draft textbooks. Serving as a discussion forum in the document margins, NB lets users ask and answer questions about their reading material &lt;em&gt;as they are reading&lt;/em&gt;. NB users can read and annotate documents using their web browsers, without any special plug-ins. We describe the NB system and its evaluation in real class environment, where students used it to submit their reading assignments, ask questions and get or provide feedback. We show that this tool can be and has been successfully incorporated into a number of different classes at different institutions. To understand how and why, we focus on a particularly successful class deployment where the instructor adapted his teaching style to take students&#039; comment into account. We analyze the annotation practices that were observed - including the way geographic locality was exploited in ways unavailable in traditional forums - and discuss general design implications for online annotation tools in academia.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>47</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jaime Teevan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alvarado, Christine</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mark S. Ackerman</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">David R. Karger</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The Perfect Search Engine is Not Enough: A Study of Orienteering Behavior in Directed Search</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI&#039;04)</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">context</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">information seeking</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">observational study</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">orienteering</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">search</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">teleporting</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Complete</style></url></web-urls></urls><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">415–422</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;This paper presents a modified diary study that investigated how people performed personally motivated searches in their email, in their files, and on the Web. Although earlier studies of directed search focused on keyword search, most of the search behavior we observed did not involve keyword search. Instead of jumping directly to their information target using keywords, our participants navigated to their target with small, local steps using their contextual knowledge as a guide, even when they knew exactly what they were looking for in advance. This stepping behavior was especially common for participants with unstructured information organization. The observed advantages of searching by taking small steps include that it allowed users to specify less of their information need and provided a context in which to understand their results. We discuss the implications of such advantages for the design of personal information management tools.&lt;br&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract></record></records></xml>