<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>6</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mark S. Ackerman</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Herrmann, Thomas</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sean G. Goggins</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Michael Prilla</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Christian Stary</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Designing Healthcare That Works:  A Socio-technical Approach</style></title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Academic Press</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cambridge, MA</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;From Amazon:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;pre&gt;&lt;i&gt;Designing Healthcare That Works: A Sociotechnical Approach&lt;/i&gt; takes up the pragmatic, messy problems of designing and implementing sociotechnical solutions which integrate organizational and technical systems for the benefit of human health. The book helps practitioners apply principles of sociotechnical design in healthcare and consider the adoption of new theories of change. As practitioners need new processes and tools to create a more systematic alignment between technical mechanisms and social structures in healthcare, the book helps readers recognize the requirements of this alignment.

The systematic understanding developed within the book’s case studies includes new ways of designing and adopting sociotechnical systems in healthcare. For example, helping practitioners examine the role of exogenous factors, like CMS Systems in the U.S. Or, more globally, helping practitioners consider systems external to the boundaries drawn around a particular healthcare IT system is one key to understand the design challenge.

Written by scholars in the realm of sociotechnical systems research, the book is a valuable source for medical informatics professionals, software designers and any healthcare providers who are interested in making changes in the design of the systems.&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;
&lt;pre&gt;Encompasses case studies focusing on specific projects and covering an entire lifecycle of sociotechnical design in healthcare&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;
&lt;pre&gt;Provides an in-depth view from established scholars in the realm of sociotechnical systems research and related domains&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;
&lt;pre&gt;Brings a systematic understanding that includes ways of designing and adopting sociotechnical systems in healthcare&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.amazon.com/Designing-Healthcare-That-Works-Sociotechnical-dp-0128125837/dp/0128125837/ref=mt_paperback?_encoding=UTF8&amp;amp;me=&amp;amp;qid=&quot;&gt;https://www.amazon.com/Designing-Healthcare-That-Works-Sociotechnical&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>47</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Margaret S Elliott</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mark S. Ackerman</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Scacchi, Walt</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Knowledge Work Artifacts: Kernel Cousins for Free/Open Source Software Development</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Proceedings of the 2007 International ACM Conference on Supporting Group Work (Group&#039;07)</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">F/OSS</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">free/open software systems</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">knowledge artifacts</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">knowledge management</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">online discussions</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">software engineering</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11/2007</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Complete</style></url></web-urls></urls><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">177–186</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Most empirical studies of peer production have focused on the final products of these efforts (such as software in Free/Open Source projects), but there are also many other knowledge artifacts that improve the effectiveness of the project. This paper presents a study of an intermediate work product, or informalism, used in a Free/Open Source Software project, GNUe. A digest-like artifact called the Kernel Cousin (KC) was used extensively in the project. These KCs allowed critical coordination and memory, but at the cost of considerable effort. The paper presents two examples of the KCs&#039; use in the project as well as an analysis of their benefits and costs.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>47</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mark S. Ackerman</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Swenson, Anne</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cotterill, Stephen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DeMaagd, Kurtis</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">I-DIAG: from community discussion to knowledge distillation</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Communities and Technologies (C&amp;T 2003)</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">distillation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">expertise sharing</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">forums</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">knowledge artifact</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">knowledge management</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">knowledge sharing</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">online communities</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2003</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">06/2003</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Complete</style></url></web-urls></urls><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">307–325</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;I-DIAG is an attempt to understand how to take the collective discussions of a large group of people and distill the messages and documents into more succinct, durable knowledge. I-DIAG is a distributed environment that includes two separate applications, CyberForum and Consolidate. The goals of the project, the architecture of IDIAG, and the two applications are described. We focus on technical mechanisms to augment social maintenance and social regulation in the system.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>47</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mark S. Ackerman</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Starr, Brian</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pazzani, Michael</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The Do-I-Care Agent: Effective Social Discovery and Filtering on the Web</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Computer-Assisted Information Searching on Internet (RIAO&#039;97)</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">agents</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">collaboration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">expertise finding</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">expertise sharing</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">machine learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">social filtering</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">World Wide Web</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1997</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Complete</style></url></web-urls></urls><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17–31</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;The Web is a vast, dynamic source of information and resources. Because of its size and diversity, it is increasingly likely that if the information one seeks is not already there, it will be soon. Unfortunately, finding the right places to look, and persistently revisiting those places until the information is available is an onerous task. In this paper, we describe Do-I-Care (DICA), an agent that uses both technical and social mechanisms to ease the burden of locating &quot;interesting&quot; new information and resources on the Web.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;DICA monitors Web pages previously found by the agent&#039;s user to be relevant for any changes. It then compares these changes against a user model, classifies them as potentially interesting or not, and reports the interesting changes to the user. The user model is derived by accepting relevance feedback on changes previously found. Because the agent focuses on changes to known pages rather than discovering new pages, we increase the likelihood that the information found will be interesting.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;DICA combines an effortless collaboration mechanism with the natural incentives for individual users to maintain and train their own agents. Simply by pointing DICA agents at other agents, changes and opinions can be propagated from agent to agent automatically. Thus, individuals train and use DICA for themselves, but by using a simple technical mechanism, other users can use those results without the additional effort that often accompanies collaboration.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mark S. Ackerman</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Starr, Brian</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hindus, Debby</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Scott D. Mainwaring</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hanging on the &#039;Wire: A Field Study of an Audio-only Media Space</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">audio</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">audio spaces</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CMC</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">computer-mediated communication</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">electronic social spaces</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">media spaces</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mediated communication</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">norms</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">privacy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">rich interactions</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">social interactions</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">social presence</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">speech interactions</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">telepresence</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1997</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Complete</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">39–66</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;The primary focus of this article is an analysis of an audio-only media space from a computer-supported cooperative work (CSCW) perspective. To explore whether audio by itself is suitable for shared media systems, we studied a workgroup using an audio-only media space. This media space, called Thunderwire, combined high-quality audio with open connec-tions to create a shared space for its users. The two-month field study provided a richly nuanced understanding of this audio spaces social use. The system afforded rich sociable interactions. As well, users were able to create a useful, usable social space; however, through an analysis of the social norms that the participants formulated, we show that they had to take into account being in an audio-only environment. Within the field study, then, audio by itself was sufficient for a usable media space and a useful social space, but users were forced to adapt to many audio-only and system conditions. The article also considers audios implications for privacy.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>47</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Starr, Brian</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mark S. Ackerman</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pazzani, Michael</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Do I Care?—Tell me what’s changed on the Web</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Proceedings of the AAAI Spring Symposium on Machine Learning in Information Access</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">agents</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">expertise finding</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">expertise sharing</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">social search</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">World Wide Web</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1996</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Complete</style></url></web-urls></urls><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">119-121</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;We describe the Do-I-Care agent, which uses machine learning to detect &quot;interesting&quot; changes to Web pages previously found to be relevant. Because this agent focuses on changes to known pages rather than discovering new pages, we increase the likelihood that the information found will be interesting. The agent’s accuracy in finding interesting changes and in learning is improved by exploiting regularities in how pages are changed. Additionally, these agents can be used collaboratively by cascading them and by propagating interesting findings to other users’ agents.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>47</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Starr, Brian</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mark S. Ackerman</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pazzani, Michael</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Do-I-Care: A Collaborative Web Agent</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI&quot;96)</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">agents</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">collaboration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">expertise finding</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">expertise sharing</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">machine learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">social filtering</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">social search</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">World Wide Web</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1996</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Complete</style></url></web-urls></urls><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">v.2, 273–274</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Social filtering and collaborative resource discovery mechanisms often fail because of the extra burden, even tiny, placed on the user. This work proposes an innovative World Wide Web agent that uses a model of collaboration that leverages the natural incentives for individual users to easily provide for collaborative work.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ackerman, Mark S</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Starr, Brian</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Social activity indicators for groupware</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Computer</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">chat system</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">distributed groupware</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">expertise sharing systems</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">geographically dispersed people</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">social activity indicator</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">social computing</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">social computing systems</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">social information</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">social psychology theory</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">social visualizations</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">team mates</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">UI systems</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">user interfaces</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">user-interface functionality</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">work groups</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1996</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Complete-OnlyDOI</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">29</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">37–42</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Suppose you&#039;re a member of a few development teams, working with people who are geographically dispersed. You&#039;re using distributed groupware to work with your team mates. How do you decide when to work on a project and when to ignore requests to work on a project, when there are enough users on the groupware system to bother using it, who is available to answer a question, and which applications should get the most real estate on your screen? To help answer these questions, distributed groupware systems must indicate something about the social world they represent-who is on the system and what they are doing. User interfaces for groupware (or computer supported cooperative work (CSCW) applications) must therefore convey social information. It&#039;s energizing to know, for example, that your team mates are busy working away on a project. And it&#039;s nice to know when your friends or colleagues are available on a chat system. You might not need to know the semantics of the messages or documents involved, just that some activity is occurring. This is true for systems used by work groups as well as those used by an organization or a community of users. We think such social indicators should be a standard part of the CSCW user interface. On the basis of social psychology theory, we believe that a class of social indicator, which we call social activity indicators, is a simple, powerful way to improve user-interface functionality. Furthermore, social activity indicators are easy to build.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>47</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hindus, Debby</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mark S. Ackerman</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Scott D. Mainwaring</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Starr, Brian</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Thunderwire: A Field Study of an Audio-only Media Space</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Proceedings of the 1996 ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW&#039;96)</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">audio</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">audio spaces</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CMC</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">computer-mediated communication</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">electronic social spaces</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">media spaces</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mediated communication</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">norms</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">rich interactions</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">social interactions</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">social presence</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">speech interactions</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">telepresence</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1996</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Complete</style></url></web-urls></urls><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">238–247</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;To explore the potential of using audio by itself in a shared media system, we studied a workgroup using an audio-only media space. This media space, called Thunderwire, combined high-quality audio with open connections to create a shared space for its users. The two-month field study provided a richly nuanced understanding of this audio space&#039;s social use. The system afforded rich sociable interactions. Indeed, within the field study, audio by itself afforded a telepresent environment for its users. However while a usable media space and a useful social space, Thunderwire required its users to adapt to many audio-only conditions.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>47</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mark S. Ackerman</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Starr, Brian</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Social Activity Indicators: Interface Components for CSCW Systems</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Proceedings of the 8th Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface and Software Technology (UIST&#039;95)</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">awareness</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">human-computer interfaces</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">information systems</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">social activity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">social UX</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">user interfaces</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">visualization</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1995</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Complete</style></url></web-urls></urls><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">159–168</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Knowing what social activity is occurring within and through a Computer-Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW) system is often very useful. This is especially true for computer-mediated communication systems such as chat and other synchronous applications. People will attend to these systems more closely when they know that there is interesting activity on them. Interface mechanisms for indicating social activity, however, are often ad-hoc, if present at all. This paper argues for the importance of displaying social activity as well as proposes a generalized mechanism for doing so. This social activity indication mechanism is built upon a new CSCW toolkit, the Cafe ConstructionKit, and the Cafe ConstructionKit provides a number of important facilities for making construction of these indicators easy and straight-forward. Accordingly, this paper presents both the Cafe ConstructionKit as a CSCW toolkit as well as a mechanism for creating activity indicators.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schmandt, Chris</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ackerman, Mark S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hindus, Debby</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Augmenting a window system with speech input</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">IEEE Computer</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">interface control language</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">speech input</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">speech interface</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">user interface</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">windows interface</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">X Window System</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1990</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Complete</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">50–56</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Despite high expectations, there have been few convincing demonstrations of speech input in desktop computing environments. We have focused on window systems, where speech might provide an auxiliary channel to support window navigation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Xspeak, our speech interface to the X Window System, associates words with each window. Speaking a window&#039;s name moves it to the front of the screen and moves the cursor into it. Speech does not provide a keyboard substitute, but it does assume some of the functions currently assigned to the mouse. Thus, a user can manage a number of windows without removing his or her hands from the keyboard.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;We provided this interface to a group of student programmers who used it for several months. This pilot study was designed to identify some initial considerations for using speech recognition in workstations&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hodges, Matthew E</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sasnett, Russell M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ackerman, Mark S.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A construction set for multimedia applications</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">IEEE Software</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">authoring system</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">hypermedia</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">multimedia</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1989</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">01/1989</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Complete</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">37-43</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;The authors describe an interface system called Athena Muse. Muse is an experiment kit for the construction of multimedia learning environments. Learning environments developed with Muse offer a diverse set of complementary interaction techniques, styles, and devices. An interface developer can choose from four representation approaches: directed graphs, multidimensional spatial frameworks, declarative constraints, and procedural languages.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue></record></records></xml>