<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>5</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mark S. Ackerman</style></author></authors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Margaret S Elliott</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kraemer, Kenneth L</style></author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The politics of design: Next generation computational environments</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Computerization movements and technology diffusion: From mainframes to ubiquitous computing</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pervasive</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Semantic Web</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">socio-technical</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">socio-technical design</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">socio-technical evolution</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ubicomp</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Complete</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Information Today</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">New York</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;This paper describes and analyzes two next-generation computational environments and their architectures: the Semantic Web and pervasive computing. Each of these necessarily carries with it political assumptions about how the environments will be used, and these political assumptions are reflected in the accompanying computerization movement’s rhetoric. However, unlike &quot;first growth&quot; computerization efforts, both the Semantic Web and pervasive computing will result within a growing infrastructure that does not allow topdown design (or even overall design) but within which new designs must fit. The underlying assumptions for both environments are largely libertarian but with differing modalities of user control. This paper examines the libertarian assumptions, the promise of democratization in one but not the other, and the resulting conceptual tensions surrounding these two second-generation computerization movements.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>47</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Margaret S Elliott</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mark S. Ackerman</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Scacchi, Walt</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Knowledge Work Artifacts: Kernel Cousins for Free/Open Source Software Development</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Proceedings of the 2007 International ACM Conference on Supporting Group Work (Group&#039;07)</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">F/OSS</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">free/open software systems</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">knowledge artifacts</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">knowledge management</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">online discussions</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">software engineering</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11/2007</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Complete</style></url></web-urls></urls><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">177–186</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Most empirical studies of peer production have focused on the final products of these efforts (such as software in Free/Open Source projects), but there are also many other knowledge artifacts that improve the effectiveness of the project. This paper presents a study of an intermediate work product, or informalism, used in a Free/Open Source Software project, GNUe. A digest-like artifact called the Kernel Cousin (KC) was used extensively in the project. These KCs allowed critical coordination and memory, but at the cost of considerable effort. The paper presents two examples of the KCs&#039; use in the project as well as an analysis of their benefits and costs.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>6</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mark S. Ackerman</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Christine A Halverson</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Erickson, Thomas</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kellogg, Wendy A</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Resources, co-evolution and artifacts: Theory in CSCW</style></title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">co-evolution</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CSCW theory</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">resource</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">NoFile</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Springer</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">New York</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;How do software and other technical systems come to be adopted and used?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;People use software and other technical systems in many ways, and a considerable amount of time and energy may be spent integrating the functionality of the system with the everyday activities it is intended to support. Understanding how this comes about, and understanding how to design systems so that it happens more easily, is a topic of great interest to the CSCW, IT and IS communities.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Resources, Co-Evolution and Artifacts: Theory in CSCW approaches this problem by looking at resources - artifacts that have come to be used in a particular manner in a given situation - and examining how they get created, adopted, modified, and abandoned. The theoretical and empirical studies in this volume examine issues such as:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;- how resources are tailored or otherwise changed as situations change;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;- how a resource is maintained and reused within an organization;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;- the ways in which the value of a resource comes to be understood;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;- the ways in which an artifact is transformed to function more effectively;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;- how one might approach the problem of designing a resource de novo.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>47</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Christine A Halverson</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Erickson, Thomas</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mark S. Ackerman</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Behind the Help Desk: Evolution of a Knowledge Management System in a Large Organization</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Proceedings of the 2004 ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW&#039;04)</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">design approaches</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">distributed cognition</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ethnography</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">FAQ</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">frequently asked questions</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">help desk</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Complete</style></url></web-urls></urls><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">304–313</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;This paper examines the way in which a knowledge management system (KMS)-by which we mean the people, processes and software-came into being and evolved in response to a variety of shifting social, technical and organizational pressures. We draw upon data from a two year ethnographic study of a sophisticated help desk to trace the KMS from its initial conception as a &quot;Common Problems&quot; database for help desk personnel, to its current instantiation as a set of Frequently Asked Questions published on an intranet for help desk clients. We note how shifts in management, organizational structure, incentives, software technologies, and other factors affected the development of the system. This study sheds light on some of the difficulties that accompany the implementation of CSCW systems, and provides an analysis of how such systems are often designed by bricolage.&lt;br&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract></record></records></xml>