<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="6.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>5</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mark S. Ackerman</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Christine Halverson</style></author></authors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wulf, Volker</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Marlene Huysman</style></author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sharing Expertise:  The Next Step for Knowledge Management</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Social Capital and Information Technology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">information access</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">information reuse</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">knowledge management</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">online communities</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">organizational memory</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2003</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.eecs.umich.edu/~ackerm/pub/03e06/ackermanhalverson-sharing-expertise.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MIT Press</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cambridge, MA</style></pub-location><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;div style=&quot;margin: 0in 0in 6pt&quot;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;In this chapter, we move from the metaphor of &lt;em&gt;knowledge management&lt;/em&gt; to a new metaphor, &lt;em&gt;expertise sharing&lt;/em&gt;, which promotes focusing on the inherently collaborative and social nature of the problem.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin: 0in 0in 6pt&quot;&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Accordingly, we first show how the four standard mechanisms for sharing expertise and managing knowledge suffer from various collaborative and social issues.&amp;nbsp;Underlying these issues is one of the intellectual challenges facing computer-supported cooperative work (CSCW or groupware) as a field.&amp;nbsp;The gap between what we know we have to do socially and what computer science as a field knows how to do technically (what we call here the social-technical gap) has led the two of us to reflect on potential systems designs in order to ameliorate this social-technical gap.&amp;nbsp;Accordingly, the last half of the chapter is a review of our research that has evolved into a more organizationally attentive direction.&amp;nbsp;Our description of these research systems focuses on their incorporation of, or augmentation to, the structural and relational aspects of social capital.&amp;nbsp;(We will largely leave the cognitive aspects aside, as we believe that much of knowledge management assumes these.&amp;nbsp;In addition, we will use the terms &amp;ldquo;social-structural&amp;rdquo; and &amp;ldquo;social-relational&amp;rdquo; to differentiate them from the technology terms &amp;ldquo;structural&amp;rdquo; and &amp;ldquo;relational&amp;rdquo;.)&amp;nbsp;We conclude with some potential future research directions.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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